Meta-Analysis and Bibliographic Study Effectiveness of Biological and Chemical Agents in Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda Based on Mortality Rate from Scopus-Indexed Journals (2019-2024)

Abstract

This meta-analysis and bibliographic study aims to compare the 
effectiveness of biological and chemical control methods against 
Spodoptera frugiperda, using the mortality rate percentage as the 
primary parameter. Data were pooled from studies indexed in 
Scopus from 2019 to 2024. Biological agents include species like 
Telenomus remus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Trichogramma spp., 
while chemical agents include substances like emamectin benzoate, 
chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The research spans across 
multiple continents, highlighting significant contributions from 
China, Mexico, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, 
Pakistan, Ghana, Thailand, Cameroon, and Malawi, indicating a 
global effort to manage this pest. ANCOVA was employed to 
compare the efficacy of these control methods, controlling for 
covariates such as initial infestation levels and environmental 
conditions. The analysis confirmed the normality (sig. 0.51) and 
homogeneity of the data variances(sig.0.79), and linear 
relationships between covariates and the dependent variable were 
established. The final comparison revealed no significant difference 
between the effectiveness of biological and chemical agents in 
controlling Spodoptera frugiperda(sig. 0.279) This comprehensive 
assessment enhances the reliability and validity of the findings, 
providing insights for policymakers and agricultural practitioners 
to develop more effective pest management strategies and allocate 
resources efficiently.