Trends and Innovations in STEM Education in East Asia A Comparative Metasynthesis from the Perspectives of China, Japan, and South Korea (2020–2024)

Abstract

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education 
has become a critical focus in global educational reform, particularly in 
the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and rapid technological 
advancements. This metasynthesis explores the trends and innovations 
in STEM education across China, Japan, and South Korea from 2020 to 
2024, with an emphasis on government policies, pedagogical 
developments, and the integration of technology. The study 
systematically reviews and synthesizes existing literature to identify 
commonalities and differences in each country's approach. China has 
emphasized project-based learning, AI technologies, and 
interdisciplinary education. Japan has integrated creativity through 
STEAM, adding arts to STEM, while fostering innovation with robotics 
and design thinking. South Korea has focused on STEAM, gender 
equity, and policy-driven educational reforms. The COVID-19 pandemic 
accelerated digital and remote learning innovations in all three nations. 
Despite the varied approaches, the shared emphasis on technology 
integration, problem-solving skills, and government support highlights 
the importance of STEM education in preparing students for future 
global challenges.